NOTE 2 - SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

Basis of Presentation

The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of: (i) BioCorRx Inc. and its wholly owned subsidiary, Fresh Start Private, Inc., (ii) its majority owned subsidiary, BioCorRx Pharmaceuticals, Inc., and (iii) and the Medical Corporation (“VIE”) (Collectively, “the Company”) under which the Company provides management and other administrative services pursuant to the management services agreement in which the Company is the primary beneficiary. All significant intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.

Paycheck Protection Program (“PPP”) Loan

The Company’s policy is to account for the PPP loan (See Note 11) as debt. The Company will continue to record the loan as debt until either (1) the loan is partially or entirely forgiven and the Company has been legally released, at which point the amount forgiven will be recorded as income or (2) the Company pays off the loan.

Revenue Recognition

The Company recognizes revenue in accordance with Financial Accounting Standards Board “FASB” Accounting Standards Codification “ASC” 606. A five-step analysis a must be met as outlined in Topic 606: (i) identify the contract with the customer, (ii) identify the performance obligations in the contract, (iii) determine the transaction price, (iv) allocate the transaction price to the performance obligations, and (v) recognize revenue when (or as) performance obligations are satisfied. Provisions for discounts and rebates to customers, estimated returns and allowances, and other adjustments are provided for in the same period the related sales are recorded. 

The Company has elected the following practical expedients in applying ASC 606: 

The Company’s net sales are disaggregated by product category. The sales/access fees consist of product sales, which is recognized upon the transfer of promised goods to customers. The project support income is generated from administrative support to Biotechnology research customers, which is recognized upon the transfer of promised services to customers. The distribution rights income consists of the income recognized from the amortization of distribution agreements entered into for its products. The membership/program fees are generated from the Company’s UnCraveRx™ Weight Loss Management Program, which is recognized upon the transfer of promised goods to customers.

The following table presents the Company’s net sales by product category for the year ended December 31, 2022 and 2021:

Deferred revenue:

The Company licenses proprietary products and protocols to customers under licensing agreements that allow those customers to access the products and protocols in services they provide to their customers during the term of the license agreement. The timing and amount of revenue recognized from license agreements depends upon a variety of factors, including the specific terms of each agreement. Such agreements are reviewed for multiple performance obligations. Performance obligations can include amounts related to initial non-refundable license fees for the use of the Company’s products and protocols and additional royalties on covered services.

The Company granted license and sub-license agreements for various regions or States in the United States allowing the licensee to market, distributes and sell solely in the defined license territory, as defined, the products provided by the Company. The agreements are granted for a defined period or perpetual and are effective as long as annual milestones are achieved.

Terms for payments for licensee agreements vary from full cash payment to defined terms. In cases where license or sub-license fees are uncollected or deferred; the Company nets those uncollected fees with the deferred revenue for balance sheet presentation.

The Company amortizes license fees over the shorter of the economic life of the related contract life or contract terms for each licensee.

On October 1, 2019, the Company launched the UnCraveRx™ Weight Loss Management Program. Customers are charged a membership fee and are requested to pay for three training programs at inception. The payments are recorded as deferred revenue until earned.

The following table presents the changes in deferred revenue, reflected as current and long term liabilities on the Company’s consolidated balance sheet:

Deferred Revenue-Grant

The Company recognizes grant revenues in the period during which the related research and development costs are incurred. The timing and amount of revenue recognized from reimbursement for research and development costs depends upon the specific terms for the contracted work. Such costs are reviewed for multiple performance obligations which can include amounts related to contracted work performed or as milestones have been achieved.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of the consolidated financial statements in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Significant estimates include assumptions used in the fair value of stock-based compensation, the fair value of other equity and debt instruments.

Accounts Receivable

Accounts receivable are recorded at original invoice amount less an allowance for uncollectible accounts that management believes will be adequate to absorb estimated losses on existing balances. Management estimates the allowance based on collectability of accounts receivable and prior bad debt experience. Accounts receivable balances are written off against the allowance upon management’s determination that such accounts are uncollectible. Recoveries of accounts receivable previously written off are recorded when received. Management believes that credit risks on accounts receivable will not be material to the financial position of the Company or results of operations. The allowance for doubtful accounts was $0 as of December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively.

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

The Company calculates the fair value of its assets and liabilities which qualify as financial instruments and includes this additional information in the notes to the consolidated financial statements when the fair value is different than the carrying value of these financial instruments. The estimated fair value of cash, accounts receivable, grant receivable, accounts payable and accrued expenses, and notes payable approximate their carrying amounts due to the relatively short maturity of these instruments. The carrying value of lease liability and royalty obligation also approximates fair value since these instruments bear market rates of interest. None of these instruments are held for trading purposes.

See Note 14 and 15 for stock based compensation and other equity instruments.

Segment Information

Accounting Standards Codification subtopic Segment Reporting 280-10 (“ASC 280-10”) establishes standards for reporting information regarding operating segments in annual financial statements and requires selected information for those segments to be presented in interim financial reports issued to stockholders. ASC 280-10 also establishes standards for related disclosures about products and services and geographic areas. Operating segments are identified as components of an enterprise about which separate discrete financial information is available for evaluation by the chief operating decision maker, or decision-making group, in making decisions how to allocate resources and assess performance. The information disclosed herein materially represents all of the financial information related to the Company’s principal operating segment.

Long-Lived Assets

The Company follows a “primary asset” approach to determine the cash flow estimation period for a group of assets and liabilities that represents the unit of accounting for a long-lived asset to be held and used. Long-lived assets to be held and used are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. The carrying amount of a long-lived asset is not recoverable if it exceeds the sum of the undiscounted cash flows expected to result from the use and eventual disposition of the asset. Long-lived assets to be disposed of are reported at the lower of carrying amount or fair value less cost to sell.

The Company evaluates the recoverability of long-lived assets based upon forecasted undiscounted cash flows. Should impairment in value be indicated, the carrying value of the assets will be adjusted, based on estimates of future discounted cash flows resulting from the use and ultimate disposition of the asset. No impairments were recognized for years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021.

Intangible Assets

Intangible assets with finite lives are amortized over their estimated useful lives. Intangible assets with indefinite lives are not amortized, but are tested for impairment annually or whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. $0 and $141,480 impairment were recognized for year ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively.

Software Development Costs

The Company has adopted the provision of ASC 985-20-25, Costs of Software to Be Sold, Leased or Marketed, whereby costs incurred to establish the technological feasibility of a computer software product to be sold, leased or marketed are research and development costs. Research costs are expensed as incurred; costs of producing product masters incurred subsequent to establishing technological feasibility are capitalized; and costs incurred when the product is available for general release to the customers are expensed as incurred. Upgrades and enhancements are capitalized if they result in added functionality which enables the software to perform tasks it was previously incapable of performing.

On July 1, 2021, the Company began development of a proprietary cloud based app that will be marketed and commercialized, for $47,980. The app was not placed in use as of December 31, 2022.

Property and Equipment

Property and equipment are stated at cost, less accumulated depreciation. Depreciation is calculated using the straight-line method over the asset’s estimated useful life of 5 to 15 years. Expenditures for maintenance and repairs are expensed as incurred. When retired or otherwise disposed, the related carrying value and accumulated depreciation are removed from the respective accounts and the net difference less any amount realized from disposition is reflected in earnings.

Leases

The Company determines if an arrangement is a lease at inception. Operating lease right-of-use assets (“ROU assets”) and short-term and long-term lease liabilities are included on the face of the consolidated balance sheets.

ROU assets represent the right to use an underlying asset for the lease term and lease liabilities represent the Company’s obligation to make lease payments arising from the lease. Operating lease ROU assets and liabilities are recognized at commencement date based on the present value of lease payments over the lease term. As most of the Company’s leases do not provide an implicit rate, the Company uses an incremental borrowing rate based on the information available at commencement date over the respective lease term in determining the present value of lease payments. The Company’s lease terms may include options to extend or terminate the lease when it is reasonably certain that the Company will exercise that option. Lease expense for lease payments is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term. The Company has lease agreements with lease and non-lease components, which are accounted for as a single lease component. For lease agreements with terms less than 12 months, the Company has elected the short-term lease measurement and recognition exemption, and it recognizes such lease payments on a straight-line basis over the lease term.

Net (loss) Per Share

The Company accounts for net loss per share in accordance with Accounting Standards Codification subtopic 260-10, Earnings Per Share (“ASC 260-10”), which requires presentation of basic and diluted earnings per share (“EPS”) on the face of the statement of operations for all entities with complex capital structures and requires a reconciliation of the numerator and denominator of the basic EPS computation to the numerator and denominator of the diluted EPS.

Basic net loss per share is computed by dividing net loss by the weighted average number of shares of common stock outstanding during each period. It excludes the dilutive effects of any potentially issuable common shares. The effect of common stock equivalents is anti-dilutive with respect to losses and therefore basic and dilutive is the same.

Diluted net loss per share is calculated by including any potentially dilutive share issuances in the denominator. The following securities are excluded from the calculation of weighted average diluted shares at December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively, because their inclusion would have been anti-dilutive. 

Advertising

The Company follows the policy of charging the costs of advertising to expense as incurred. The Company charged to operations $325,965 and $426,917 as advertising costs for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively.

Grant Income

On January 17, 2019, the Company received a Notice of Award from the United States Department of Health and Human Services for a grant from the National Institutes of Health (“NIH”) in support of BICX102 from the National Institute on Drug Abuse. The grant provides for (i) $2,842,430 in funding during the first year and (ii) $2,831,838 during the second year subject to the terms and conditions specified in the grant, including satisfactory progress of project and the availability of funds. On August 27, 2021, the Company received a Notice of Award from the United States Department of Health and Human Services for a grant from National Institute on Drug Abuse. The grant provides for $3,453,367 in funding during the third year subject to the terms and conditions specified in the grant, including satisfactory progress of project and the availability of funds. On March 31, 2022, the Company received a Notice of Award from the United States Department of Health and Human Services for a grant from National Institute on Drug Abuse. The grant provides for $99,431 in additional funding during the third year subject to the terms and conditions specified in the grant, including satisfactory progress of project and the availability of funds. Grant payments received prior to the Company’s performance of work required by the terms of the research grant are recorded as deferred income and recognized as grant income once work is performed and qualifying costs are incurred. Grant receivables were $122,652 and $56,359 as of December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively. Deferred revenues related to the grant were $0 as of December 31, 2022 and 2021. $1,789,496 and $835,924 were recorded as grant income for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively. The F&A indirect costs were $253,208 and $272,681 as of December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively. The grant provides for $516,218 in funding for F&A indirect costs. The remaining facilities and administrative indirect cost over allocation is $9,671 as of December 31, 2022. The Company will credit the F&A indirect cost rate.

Research and development costs

The Company accounts for research and development costs in accordance with the Accounting Standards Codification subtopic 730-10, Research and Development (“ASC 730-10”). Under ASC 730-10, all research and development costs must be charged to expense as incurred. Accordingly, internal research and development costs are expensed as incurred. Third-party research and developments costs are expensed when the contracted work has been performed or as milestone results have been achieved. Company-sponsored research and development costs related to both present and future products are expensed in the period incurred. The Company incurred research and development expenses of $1,459,458 and $1,605,907 for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively.

Stock Based Compensation

Share-based compensation issued to employees is measured at the grant date, based on the fair value of the award, and is recognized as an expense over the requisite service period. The Company measures the fair value of the share-based compensation issued to non-employees at the grant date using the stock price observed in the trading market (for stock transactions) or the fair value of the award (for non-stock transactions), which were considered to be more reliably determinable measures of fair value than the value of the services being rendered.

Income Taxes

Deferred income tax assets and liabilities are determined based on the estimated future tax effects of net operating loss and credit carry forwards and temporary differences between the tax basis of assets and liabilities and their respective financial reporting amounts measured at the current enacted tax rates. The Company records an estimated valuation allowance on its deferred income tax assets if it is more likely than not that these deferred income tax assets will not be realized.

The Company recognizes a tax benefit from an uncertain tax position only if it is more likely than not that the tax position will be sustained on examination by taxing authorities, based on the technical merits of the position. The tax benefits recognized in the consolidated financial statements from such a position are measured based on the largest benefit that has a greater than 50% likelihood of being realized upon ultimate settlement. As of December 31, 2022 and 2021, the Company has not recorded any unrecognized tax benefits.

Variable Interest Entity

The Company evaluates all interests in the VIE for consolidation. When the Company’s interests are determined to be variable interests, an assessment is made on whether the Company is deemed to be the primary beneficiary of the VIE. The primary beneficiary of a VIE is required to consolidate the VIE. Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 810, Consolidation, defines the primary beneficiary as the party that has both (i) the power to direct the activities of the VIE that most significantly impact its economic performance, and (ii) the obligation to absorb losses and the right to receive benefits from the VIE which could be potentially significant. Variable interests are considered in making this determination. Where both of these factors are present, the Company is deemed to be the primary beneficiary and the Company consolidates the VIE.

Non-Controlling Interest

A non-controlling interest should be allocated its share of net income or loss, and its respective share of each component of other comprehensive income, in accordance with ASC 810-10-45-20. Due to a management fee equal to 65% of the Medical Corporation’s gross collected monthly revenue, 65% of the Medical Corporation’s earnings was allocated to the Company, and 35% to the non-controlling interest. Due to the Company’s retaining 75.8% ownership of BioCorRx Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 75.8% of BioCorRx Pharmaceuticals, Inc.’s earnings  was allocated to the Company, and 24.2% to the non-controlling interest.

Royalty Obligations, net

The Company accounted for royalty obligations as debt in accordance with ASC 470-10-25 and derived a debt discount, which is amortized using the straight line method over the expected life of the arrangement, which is 15 years. The Company has no obligation to repay the then outstanding balance if during the expected life of 15 years the treatment is discontinued. In order to record the discount of the liability, the Company fair valued the royalty and the difference between fair value of the royalty obligation and the gross projected future payments was $7,171,200 and was recorded as non-cash interest expense over the life of the liability and offset to additional paid in capital at inception.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

In August 2020, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2020-06, Debt — Debt with Conversion and Other Options (Subtopic 470-20) and Derivatives and Hedging — Contracts in Entity’s Own Equity (Subtopic 815-40) (“ASU 2020-06”) to simplify accounting for certain financial instruments. ASU 2020-06 eliminates the current models that require separation of beneficial conversion and cash conversion features from convertible instruments and simplifies the derivative scope exception guidance pertaining to equity classification of contracts in an entity’s own equity. The new standard also introduces additional disclosures for convertible debt and freestanding instruments that are indexed to and settled in an entity’s own equity. ASU 2020-06 amends the diluted earnings per share guidance, including the requirement to use the if converted method for all convertible instruments. ASU 2020-06 is effective January 1, 2022 and should be applied on a full or modified retrospective basis, with early adoption permitted beginning on January 1, 2021. The Company adopted ASU 2020-06 on January 1, 2022. The adoption of ASU 2020-06 did not have an impact on the Company’s financial statements. Management does not believe that any other recently issued, but not yet effective, accounting standards, if currently adopted, would have a material effect on the Company’s financial statements.

In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-13, Financial Instruments-Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments, which amends the impairment model by requiring entities to use a forward-looking approach on expected losses to estimate credit losses on certain financial instruments, including trade receivables and available-for-sale debt securities. The new guidance was originally due to become effective for the Company beginning in the first quarter of 2020, however the FASB in November 2019 issued ASU 2019-10 which moved the effective date for smaller reporting companies to the first quarter of 2023. The Company is currently evaluating the potential impact that this standard may have on its consolidated financial statements.

There are other various updates recently issued, most of which represented technical corrections to the accounting literature or application to specific industries and are not expected to a have a material impact on the Company’s financial position, results of operations or cash flows.